Not all works need planning permission. Some works can be undertaken under Permitted Development Rights.
Find out if you need planning permission before you make a formal application. You can find all the advice and information you need here:
If you know that planning permission is needed
You can make a start on your development, but you do this at your own risk. You may find yourself open to planning enforcement action if it turns out that you did need planning permission.
It may affect the insurance on your property. This might mean you have difficulty selling your property.